ABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore attentional patterns among children with inattentive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-I) and children with typical development (TD), using a latent class analysis (LCA). Patterns of brain connectivity were also explored. The sample comprised 29 ADHD-I and 29 TD matched children. An LCA was conducted to reclassify subjects according to their attentional performance, considering cognitive measures of attention and behavioral symptoms, regardless of group of origin. The new clusters were then compared in respect to brain white matter measurements (extracted from diffusion tensor imaging). Participants were rearranged in 2 new latent classes, according to their performance in an attention task and the results of behavioral scales, resulting in groups with more homogeneous attentional profiles. A comparison of the 2 new classes using the white matter measurements revealed increased fractional anisotropy in the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus for the class composed by participants with a higher risk of attentional problems. The findings indicated that it was possible to observe variability regarding neuropsychological profile, accompanied by underpinning neurobiological differences, even among individuals with the same disorder subtype - inattentive ADHD. This specific data-driven clustering analysis may help to enhance understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder's phenotypes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Attention/physiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , White Matter/physiopathology , Reaction Time/physiology , Reference Standards , Reference Values , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Statistics as Topic/methods , Anisotropy , Cognition/physiology , Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods , White Matter/diagnostic imaging , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
The Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) from Hevea brasiliensis has shown promise in biomedical applications due to its low cost, easy handling, mechanical properties and biocompatibility, being used for bone regeneration and wound healing due to its natural stimulus to angiogenesis. The aim of this work was to incorporate Casearia sylvestris Sw. extract in NRL biomembranes and study its release behavior. The complex membraneextract has as object of study a new approach of using C. sylvestris extract in the treatment of wounds, for possessing antiseptic activity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The C. sylvestris species (Salicaceae), popularly known as "guaçatonga", presents great distribution and is used in folk medicine as antiulcer, wound healing, anti- snake venom, properties which have been proven and related to clerodane diterpenes (casearins A-X). The release rate of C. sylvestris compounds from extract-membrane complex was monitored and analyzed using the method of optical spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The release varied with temperature ranging from 14 to 33 days, releasing more than 90%, with an interesting and promising biomedical application, such as wound healing and burns.
Subject(s)
Biological Transport/physiology , Casearia/classification , Casearia/physiology , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems , Hevea/classification , Hevea/physiology , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Rubber , Wounds and Injuries/drug therapyABSTRACT
Para avaliar o efeito do extrato seco da parede de levedura (EPL) sobre a digestibilidade, o escore fecal e a palatabilidade de dietas para gatos, foram realizados três ensaios experimentais. No primeiro, 20 animais adultos foram distribuídos ao acaso em quatro tratamentos: dieta comercial úmida (controle) e dieta-controle + 0,2, ou dieta-controle + 0,4 ou dieta-controle + 0,6 por cento de EPL na matéria seca. No segundo, utilizaram-se alimento seco e as mesmas proporções com o mesmo delineamento do primeiro experimento. No ensaio 3, de palatabilidade, 20 gatos adultos receberam simultaneamente dieta comercial úmida sem e com a inclusão de 0,4 por cento de EPL. No experimento 1, não foram observadas diferenças quanto à digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, matéria orgânica e energia bruta, assim como no escore fecal; no segundo, houve aumento linear (P<0,46) no coeficiente de digestibilidade da matéria seca, e, no terceiro, observou-se efeito negativo da inclusão de 0,4 por cento sobre a palatabilidade da dieta (P<0,004). Conclui-se que a inclusão de EPL em dietas úmidas não influi na digestibilidade, mas pode comprometer a palatabilidade, e que em dietas secas há melhora da digestibilidade da matéria seca.
The effects of spray-dried yeast cell wall (YCW) were evaluated on digestibility, score of feces, and palatability of diets for cats were evaluated. Three trials were carried out. In the first, 20 adult cats were randomly allotted in four treatments: wet commercial diet (control) and control plus 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 percent of YCW in dry matter. In the second, a commercial dry diet was tested in an equal arrangement concerning concentration of YCW and number of animals of the first trial. In the third, 20 adult cats were fed at the same time a wet diet with or without 0.4 percent YCW. In the first trial, no differences among treatments for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, organic matter, gross energy digestibility, and faecal score were observed. In second trial, positive linear effect on dry matter digestibility (P=0.046) was observed. In the third, negative effect of 0.4 percent YCW inclusion (P=0.004) on palatability of diet was observed. It was concluded that YCW inclusion in wet diet did not effectively alter the nutrients digestibilities but it decrease the palatability. However, the YCW inclusion in dry diets can be important to improve dry matter digestibility.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Animal Feed , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Eating , Food PreferencesABSTRACT
O teor de timol, princípio ativo usado como marcador nas tinturas das folhas de Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) preparadas com material coletado antes, durante e após a floração e designadas como T1, T2 e T3, foi determinado por CLAE, utilizando-se cromatógrafo Shimadzu CLASS-VP, coluna RP-18 (Supelco), com fase móvel isocrática acetonitrila:água (78:22) e fluxo 0,8 ml/min com detecção em 254 nm. As amostras foram injetadas num volume de 20 μl e analisadas em triplicata. Os teores de timol encontrados foram 1,97 ± 0,07 em T1; 2,00 ± 0,03 em T2 e 2,34 ± 0,06 mg/ml em T3. Os resultados mostram discretas diferenças nas concentrações de timol nas tinturas das folhas de alecrim-pimenta preparadas em diferentes momentos de seu desenvolvimento. Contudo, observou-se que o melhor momento para a coleta da planta parece ser após a sua floração (T3), que mostrou o maior teor de timol.
Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) is popularly known in Northeast Brazil as "alecrim-pimenta". The goal of the present work is to perform a quantitative analysis of timol, used as a marker in phytomedicine prepared from the leaves of L. sidoides, collected before, during and after the flower. At least three samples of tincture of L. sidoides were analyzed by HPLC. Among the samples analyzed, the tincture produced from the leaves after the flower showed slightly high concentration of timol (2,34 ± 0,06 mg/ml) when compared with before (1,97 ± 0,07 mg/ml) or during the flower (2,00 ± 0,03 mg/ml). The best period to collect leaves of L. sidoides seems to be after the flower.
ABSTRACT
Se realizo un estudio clinico y electroencefalografico de 87 casos de ninos menores de cinco anos con crisis convulsivas febriles. Se considero caracteristicas clinicas de las crisis febriles, antecedentes personales y familiares alteraciones electroencefalograficas y factores predictivos de recurrencia. Destaca la elevada incidencia de indicadores de dano neurologico (41,7%) y de antecedentes familiares de crisis convulsivas (39,3%). Hubo correlacion entre la edad de comienzo de los fenomenos ictiales en el momento de la primera crisis y la presencia de crisis complejas (p < 0.05) lo que hace a los menores de un ano mas expuestos a recurrencia del cuadro. Otros factores descritos en la literatura como predictores de recurrencia no fueron demostrados en este trabajo
Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Female , Seizures, Febrile , ElectroencephalographyABSTRACT
Se analizan 80 ninos con hidrocefalia, a los que se les instalo valvula de derivacion de L.C.R. ventriculo-cardiaca y ventriculo-peritoneal entre 1972 y 1978. Se realizo seguimiento satisfactorio en el 88% de los casos por un periodo de 3-10 anos, promedio cinco y medio anos. Hubo un 25% de mortalidad atribuible a la valvula, en su mayoria secundarias a infeccion valvular. La malfuncion y obstruccion valvular contribuyo en menor proporcion a la mortalidad, pero fue causa de reoperaciones. El grupo de mayor mortalidad lo formo el de los ninos con grave hidrocefalia congenita. Las infecciones rara vez postoperatorias (4%), fueron preferentemente alejadas de la cirugia y presumiblemente hematogenas. La frecuencia y gravedad de las infecciones valvulares fueron mayores en derivaciones ventriculo-cardiacas. El mejor resultado de valvulas ventriculo-peritoneales se deberia a estar en compartimiento menos expuesto a contaminacion microbiana